Multi-club group based in Germany, ultimately controlled by a company

Volkswagen Group (football holdings)

German carmaker that owns VfL Wolfsburg outright and, through subsidiaries Audi and Porsche AG, holds minority stakes in FC Bayern München, VfB Stuttgart and FC Ingolstadt 04. Corporate sponsorship-driven holdings rather than a football MCO strategy.

4 clubs in Clubs DB, in 1 country. Sources: Wikipedia, VfB Stuttgart, Wikipedia, Wikipedia

• FC Bayern MunichBundesliga, Germany
  8.33%minority stakeHeld by AUDI AG since 2011Low confidence
• VfB StuttgartBundesliga, Germany
  10.4%minority stakeHeld by Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG since January 2024Medium confidence
• VfL Wolfsburg2. Bundesliga, Germany
  100%controlsHeld by Volkswagen AG since 20 December 2007Low confidence
• FC Ingolstadt 043. Liga, Germany
  19.9%minority stakeHeld by AUDI AG since 2013Low confidence

• controlsPorsche Automobil Holding SE in Volkswagen AG, controls, as of December 2020.Low confidenceSource: Wikipedia
• controlsPorsche Automobil Holding SE in Volkswagen AG, controls, as of December 2020.Low confidenceSource: Wikipedia
• 100%Volkswagen AG in AUDI AG, controls, as of 2020.Low confidenceSource: Wikipedia
• controlsPorsche Automobil Holding SE in Volkswagen AG, controls, as of December 2020.Low confidenceSource: Wikipedia
• 75%Volkswagen AG in Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, controls, as of 2022.Low confidenceSource: Wikipedia

Group companies: Volkswagen AG, AUDI AG, Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG.