Findings · 5 of 14
Ownership
Members control 83% of Germany’s top-flight clubs
Who controls the clubs, from the top flight down. Each bar is one tier; each colour is an ownership model.
- Owned by its members
- Members in control, investors hold a stake
- Investor in control, the club keeps a stake
- Owned by investors
- Owned by a multi-club group
- Company, owner not identified
- Owned by a city or state
- No single controlling owner
- Not yet established
How it’s counted & sources
Clubs playing in each tier this season, reserve sides included (they take their first team's owner). 'Members' counts clubs whose members' side is in control, including those where investors hold a stake. Hover a bar for counts; open a tier for its clubs.
Read as a table
| Nation | Tier | League | Clubs | Members | Members + investors | Investor + club | Investors | Multi-club group | Owner not identified | City or state | No single owner | Not established |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | 1 | Serie A | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Italy | 2 | Serie B | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Italy | 3 | Serie C | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 2 | 14 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Italy | 4 | Serie D | 162 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 3 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| Italy | 5 | 19 regional leagues | 465 | 331 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 99 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
| France | 1 | Ligue 1 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| France | 2 | Ligue 2 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| France | 3 | Ligue 3 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| France | 4 | National 1 | 49 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| France | 5 | National 2 | 111 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 11 |
| England | 1 | Premier League | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| England | 2 | EFL Championship | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| England | 3 | EFL League One | 24 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| England | 4 | EFL League Two | 24 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 17 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Belgium | 1 | Belgian Pro League | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Belgium | 2 | Challenger Pro League | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scotland | 1 | Scottish Premiership | 12 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Scotland | 2 | Scottish Championship | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Spain | 1 | LaLiga | 20 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Spain | 2 | Segunda División | 22 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Spain | 3 | Primera Federación | 40 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Spain | 4 | Segunda Federación | 90 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 4 | 15 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Spain | 5 | Tercera Federación | 324 | 278 | 0 | 2 | 16 | 3 | 18 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
| Portugal | 1 | Primeira Liga | 18 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Portugal | 2 | Liga Portugal 2 | 18 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Portugal | 3 | Liga 3 | 20 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Portugal | 4 | Campeonato de Portugal | 56 | 40 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Portugal | 5 | 20 regional leagues | 284 | 265 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Portugal | 6 | 17 regional leagues | 312 | 301 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Netherlands | 1 | Eredivisie | 18 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Netherlands | 2 | Eerste Divisie | 20 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Germany | 1 | Bundesliga | 18 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Germany | 2 | 2. Bundesliga | 18 | 11 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Germany | 3 | 3. Liga | 20 | 10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Germany | 4 | Regionalliga | 91 | 71 | 17 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |